Lymph node biopsy
What is it?
A lymph node biopsy is a medical procedure conducted to collect tissue samples from lymph nodes for diagnostic purposes. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that play a vital role in the immune system by filtering lymph fluid and containing immune cells. Biopsy helps healthcare professionals investigate the cause of lymph node enlargement, identify infections, or detect abnormal cells associated with conditions such as lymphoma or cancer.
What are the surgical approaches?
Lymph node biopsies can be performed through various approaches, including:
Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA): In this approach, a thin needle is used to extract a small sample of cells from the lymph node. FNA is commonly used for superficial lymph nodes and is often guided by ultrasound imaging.
- Core Needle Biopsy: This approach involves using a slightly larger needle to remove a core of tissue from the lymph node. Core needle biopsies are useful for obtaining larger tissue samples for more comprehensive analysis.
- Excisional Biopsy: For deeply located or larger lymph nodes, an excisional biopsy may be performed. This surgical approach involves removing the entire lymph node or a portion of it for thorough examination.
What does it involve?
The procedure is usually performed as an outpatient or day-case procedure under local anaesthesia. The healthcare provider identifies the target lymph node using physical examination, imaging techniques, or a combination of both. Depending on the chosen approach, a thin needle or a small incision is made to access the lymph node. Tissue samples are collected and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
How to prepare?
Preparation for a lymph node biopsy varies based on the approach and specific instructions of the healthcare provider. You may be advised to avoid blood-thinning medications, discuss any allergies you have, and follow fasting instructions if necessary.
Further Information
How long does it take?
The duration of a lymph node biopsy depends on the approach and the number of lymph nodes being biopsied. On average, the procedure typically takes between 15 to 30 minutes.
What happens after?
Following the biopsy, you might experience some mild discomfort, bruising, or swelling at the biopsy site. Pain relief medication and aftercare instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider. The collected tissue samples are sent to a laboratory for analysis, and the results will be communicated to you by your healthcare team.
Depending on the findings, further diagnostic tests or treatments might be recommended. It’s important to attend follow-up appointments to discuss the results and any necessary next steps.
